Guia de INGLES avanzado 1er. grado

I )

The Simple present of the verb to be

The simple present of the verb to be

This page will present the simple present of the verb to be:

its form

and its use

The verb to be

The verb to be is the most important verb in the English language. It is difficult to use because it is an irregular verb in almost all of its forms. In the simple present tense, to be is conjugated as follows:

Affirmative forms of the verb to be

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form

I am 'm

you are 're

he/she/it is 's

we are 're

you are 're

they are 're

Interrogative forms of the verb to be:

Am I?

Are you?

Is he/she/it?

Are we?

Are you?

Are they?

Negative Forms of the verb to be:

Subject Pronouns Full Form Contracted Form

I am not 'm not

you are not aren't

he/she/it is not isn't

we are not aren't

you are not aren't

they are not aren't

Examples:

Is Brad Pitt French?

No, he isn't. He's American.

What about Angelina Joli? Is she American, too?

Yes, she is. She is American.

Are brad Pitt and Angelina Joli French?

No, They aren't. They are American.

Subject Pronouns	Full Form	Contracted Form
I	am	'm
you	are	're
he/she/it	is	's
we	are	're
you	are	're
they	are	're

Subject Pronouns	Full Form	Contracted Form
I	am not	'm not
you	are not	aren't
he/she/it	is not	isn't
we	are not	aren't
you	are not	aren't
they	are not	aren't

Use of the simple present of to be

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes place habitually, but with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to a present or general state, whether temporary, permanent or habitual.

I am happy.

She is helpful.

The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something that is true at the present moment.

She is 20 years old.

He is a student.

II )

Wh questions (Question Words)

Types of questions

There are two types of questions:

Wh questions

Question words

Question words are also called wh questions because they include the letters 'W' and 'H'.

Question words	Meaning	Examples
who	person	Who's that? That's Nancy.
where	place	Where do you live? In Boston
why	reason	Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early
when	time	When do you go to work? At 7:00
how	manner	How do you go? By car
what	object, idea or action	What do you do? I am an engineer
which	choice	Which one do you prefer? The red one.
whose	possession	Whose is this book? It's Alan's.
whom	object of the verb	Whom did you meet? I met the manager.
what kind	description	What kind of music do you like? I like quiet songs
what time	time	What time did you come home?
how many	quantity (countable)	How many students are there? There are twenty.
how much	amount, price (uncountable)	How much time have we got? Ten minutes
how long	duration, length	How long did you stay in that hotel? For two weeks.
how often	frequency	How often do you go to the gym? Twice a week.
how far	distance	How far is your school? It's one mile far.
how old	age	How old are you? I'm 16.
how come	reason	How come I didn't see you at the party?

Asking questions

1.If you ask about the subject of the sentence, simply add the question word at the beginning:

Example:
James writes good poems. — Who writes good poems?

2.If you ask about the predicate of the sentence (the part of a sentence which contains the verb and gives information about the subject), there are three options:

· If there is a helping (auxiliary) verb that precedes the main verb ( for example: can, is, are, was, were, will, would...), add the question word and invert the subject and the helping (auxiliary) verb.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese. — What can he speak?
They are leaving tonight. — When are they leaving?

· If you ask about the predicate and there is no helping (auxiliary) verb and the verb is "to be", simply add the question word and invert the subject and the verb.
Example:
The play was interesting. — How was the play?

· If there is no helping (auxiliary) verb in the the predicate and the main verb is not "to be", add the auxiliary "do" in the appropriate form.
Examples:
They go to the movies every Saturday. — Where do they go every Saturday?
He wakes up early. — When does he wake up?
They sent a letter. — What did they send?

III )

Possessive Adjectives

What are possessive adjectives?

Possessive adjectives - my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their - modify the noun following it in order to show possession.

Examples:

· I'll get my bag.

· Is this your luggage?

Possessive adjectives are often confused with possessive pronouns.

Examples:

· Your bike is blue. (your is an adjective which modifies bike)

· Mine is yellow. (mine is a pronoun which functions as the subject of the verb is)

Examples

Subject Pronouns	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
Possessive Adjectives	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their

Examples:

· Why didn't you clean your room?
(your modifies the noun room)

· Mary doesn't like her dress.
(her modifies the noun dress)

· The chameleon can change its color.
(its modifies the noun color)

Her hair is long.His hair is short

Things to remember:

1. Possessive adjectives are different from possessive pronouns.

· This is your (possessive adjective) book and this is mine (possessive pronoun).

2. its, their are possessive adjectives.

· Its color is beautiful.

· Their car is in their garage.

3. it's, they're and there are not possessive adjectives — its is a contraction of it is or it has; they're is a contraction of they are; there is an adverb of place.

· It's not my book = It is not my book.

· My house is big. It's got five bedrooms = It has got five bedrooms.

· Nancy and Alan are from New York. They're my friends = They are my friends.

· Please, put the chair there. (adverb)

IV) Complete these exercise :

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